NASHVILLE/MIDDLE TENNESSEE LGBTQIA+ HISTORY

Developed by Sarah Calise 
Founder & Director, Nashville Queer History
nashvillequeerhistory.org

1800s

1920s

β€”> 1829 - Tennessee first enacted an anti-sodomy law with a jail sentence between 5 and 15 years.

β€”> 1864 - Albert D.J. Cashier, serving with the Union Army, fought in the Battle of Nashville. Scholars believe that Cashier, born Jennie Hodgers, was a transgender man, especially since he lived the rest of his life after the Civil War as a man.

β€”> 1921 - Gertrude Whitney and Elizabeth Goodwin became the first women to join Nashville’s police force. They lived together and adopted two sons during their time in Tennessee.

1940s

β€”> 1940 - The pioneering Black transgender soul singer Jackie Shane was born in north Nashville on May 15. She learned from the great musicians of the historic Jefferson Street circuit before making a name for herself in the Toronto music scene. She earned a Grammy nomination in 2017 for her album Any Other Way.

β€”> 1943 - In Brewer v. State, the Tennessee Supreme Court decided that β€œcrimes against nature” included fellatio.

β€”> 1944 - Bill Blass, a queer fashion designer, and Ellsworth Kelly, an artist, trained at Camp Forrest during the Tennessee Maneuvers as part of the 23rd Headquarters Special Troops in preparation for World War II. An estimated 850,000 soldiers trained in Middle Tennessee between 1942 and 1944, and undoubtedly many of these men were gay.

β€”> 1952 - The Jungle opened and became Nashville’s first gay bar.

β€”> 1954 - Some Metropolitan Council members asked for increased police presence in Centennial Park to stop β€œsex deviates” on park grounds.

β€”> 1955 - In Fisher v. State, the Tennessee Supreme Court confirmed that β€œcrimes against nature” included fellatio and sodomy.

β€”> 1956 - Juanita Brazier purchased the establishment next to The Jungle and opened up another gay bar called Juanita’s.

1950s

β€”> 1962 - Police arrested and charged 59 gay men with β€œdisorderly conduct by immoral conduct” in a weeks-long sting operation at Centennial Park.

β€”> 1963 - The Tennessean newspaper reported a police raid at Juanita’s where 27 men were arrested for lewd and disorderly conduct.

β€”> 1964 - The first issue of the International Guild Guide, a gay travel guide published in the 1960s and 1970s, listed seven gay or gay-friendly places in Nashville: The Black Poodle, Carousel, Celtic Lounge, Juanita’s, Judy’s Place, The Jungle, and Rainbow Cafe.

β€”> 1965 - Aleshia Brevard graduated from Middle Tennessee State University after undergoing gender-affirming surgery. Born in 1937, Brevard was quite the entertainer from the greater Nashville area; she held jobs as an actress, Playboy bunny, model, writer, and teacher, and constantly moved between California and Tennessee.

1960s

β€”> 1971 - Jerry Peek opened the Watch Your Hat & Coat Saloon at 139 2nd Ave. N. and featured female impersonators as the main entertainment show, making it the first drag show bar in Nashville.

β€”> 1972 - The Nashville chapter of the Metropolitan Community Church opened and held its first service at 1502 Edgehill Ave, a site shared with the United Methodist Church. Troy Perry founded the first chapter of MCC in Los Angeles, CA in 1968 as a Christian congregation for LGBTQ+ people.

β€”> 1972 - Jerry Peek founded the Miss Gay America pageant and held its first competition at the Watch Your Hat & Coat Saloon. Representing Arkansas, Norma Kristie won the inaugural pageant.

β€”> 1973 - In  Locke v. State, the Court of Criminal Appeals upheld a conviction (in a 2-1 split) that decided cunnilingus was also in violation of the crime against nature law.

β€”> 1973 - A fire destroyed the Watch Your Hat & Coat Saloon and the Metropolitan Community Church’s office which existed in a rented space above the bar. No one was injured in the incident, but Jerry Peek did lose nearly $40,000 of costumes and production equipment while the church lost all of its possessions. Some people in the gay community suspected the fire was set on purpose after arson was committed against MCC in Los Angeles earlier that year. MCC Nashville’s fire would become the second in a series of fires that plagued MCC establishments across the United States in the 1970s, including the deadly act of arson at the UpStairs Lounge in New Orleans.

β€”> 1973 - Metropolitan Community Church celebrated Pride with small contingent of LGBTQ community.

β€”> 1972 - Jerry Peek founded the Miss Gay America pageant and held its first competition at the Watch Your Hat & Coat Saloon. Representing Arkansas, Norma Kristie won the inaugural pageant.

β€”> 1977 - Carole de Bra Powell opened Womankind Books, a lesbian-feminist store, on Belmont Boulevard. The bookstore blossomed into a community resource with the Womankind Support Project, which provided women’s health services, child care, feminist and women’s rights discussions, coffeehouse meetings and musical concerts.

β€”> 1977 - The Tennessee Gay Coalition for Human Rights became an official state chartered organization on October 31, 1977. The organization represents some of Nashville’s earliest gay activism.

β€”> 1978 - Steve Smith and his partner Michael Smith opened Warehouse 28 at 2529 Franklin Rd., and it became one of Nashville’s most popular gay clubs.

β€”> 1978 - Gay Pride Week celebrated over five days in Nashville from June 28-July 2. The Tennessee Gay Coalition for Human Rights sponsored the week of events, which included a screening of the film Word Is Out: Stories of Some of Our Lives, dances, workshops, and house meetings.

β€”> 1978 - Nashville Women’s Alliance established and began a regular newsletter simply titled, A Newsletter. The organization formed after founding members attended the Southeastern Lesbian and Gay Conference in Atlanta earlier that spring.

β€”> 1979 - Students at Austin Peay State University in Clarksville established an LGBTQ+ student organization called Student Coalition for Gay Rights. The university denied the group formal recognition four times before the students sued APSU and the Tennessee Board of Regents for violating their First Amendment rights. A judge granted SCGR with a preliminary injunction, giving them all the same rights and privileges as other student organizations.

β€”> 1979 - A group of men and women from Tennessee left Nashville on a bus and traveled to the March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights held in October. The group came back to their respective Memphis, Nashville, and Knoxville cities energized to strengthen gay organizing across the state.

1970s

β€”> 1980s, early - Lesbian country singer Wilma Burgess ran a music venue called Track 9 at 2025 8th Ave. S., where Zanies Comedy Club is today.

β€”> 1980 - The Women’s Room, the first lesbian bar in the city, opened at 2110 8th Ave. S. An elementary school teacher named Gail DuBois was part owner with Mary Marter.

β€”> 1982 - A group of gay men interested in leather culture formed Conductors, which today is Nashville’s longest-running gay organization.

β€”> 1982 - Lesbian and Gay Pride Week’s theme was β€œPositively Gay,” and events included a cruise on the Cumberland River, bar parties, a Sunday worship service, and a picnic at Edwin Warner Park.

β€”> 1985 - Steve Smith, Michael Smith, Thom Carpenter, Bob Keller, and Tommy Powell formed a volunteer network to care for people living with HIV/AIDS. This network became Nashville CARES (Community AIDS Resources, Education and Services).

β€”> 1987 - A contingent of gay men and women in the Tennessee March Committee participated in the Second National March on Washington for Lesbian and Gay Rights held in October. The Tennessee Gay and Lesbian Coalition (which later morphed into Tennessee Gay and Lesbian Alliance, or T-GALA) formed earlier in the year and strengthened Nashville’s activism efforts. March on Washington participants returned to Music City and began planning the first public Pride parade.

β€”> 1988 - In March, Stuart Bivin and Jef Ellis published the first issue of Dare (later called Query), the city’s first lesbian and gay newspaper.

β€”> 1988 - On June 25, Nashville’s LGBTQ+ community held its first Pride parade. The march started at Fannie Mae Dees Park and ended at Centennial Park, where a couple hundred people gathered for a variety of entertainment.

β€”> 1988 - Students formed the Lambda Association (now MT Lambda) at Middle Tennessee State University, and it remains the oldest continually-run LGBTQ+ student organization in the state.

β€”> 1989 - The Tennessee legislature enacted the β€œHomosexual Acts” that established a penalty of up to 30 days in jail and/or a fine of up to $50 for cunnilingus, fellatio, or anal intercourse "with a person of the same gender.”

1980s

β€”> 1991 - The Center for Gay and Lesbian Community Services (more commonly known as The Center) opened its doors at 703 Berry Road.

β€”> 1992 - Dr. Marisa Richmond founded the Tennessee Vals, an educational and support organization for transgender people.

β€”> 1995 - Nashville PRIDE moved the event to Riverfront Park and for the first time were able to raise enough money to have a police officer on each street corner to block traffic, allowing for horses, motorcycles and floats.

β€”> 1996 - OutLoud! Bookstore opened at 1703 Church Street, and it quickly became a central destination for LGBTQ+ community and information outside of the bar scene until it closed its doors in 2011.

β€”> 1996 - Brothers and Sisters United NetworkΒ©, Inc. was founded to provided education, empowerment, and affirmation to Black and Brown communities in Middle Tennessee, through the production of Nashville Black Pride.

β€”> 1996 - In the case of Campbell v. Sundquist, the Tennessee Court of Appeals unanimously ruled that the state’s β€œHomosexual Acts” law was unconstitutional.

β€”> 1998 - The Nashville Association of Professional Persons (NAPP) was formed as a professional LGBTQ+ persons networking group. Over the next nine years the group grew and evolved to include education and advocacy initiatives for the LGBTQ+ business community.

β€”> 1999 - On July 6, U.S. Army soldier Calvin Glover murdered fellow soldier Barry Winchell for dating Calpernia Addams, a transgender woman and performer at Nashville’s once popular dance club called The Connection. The murder influenced ongoing national debates about the military’s β€œDon’t Ask, Don’t Tell” policy. In Nashville, Winchell’s memory is often included in Transgender Day of Remembrance ceremonies as a victim of anti-trans violence.

1990s

β€”> 2002 - The Center for Gay and Lesbian Community Services moved to 961 Woodland Street and rebranded as the Rainbow Community Center. The Center closed in 2004 due to financial woes.

β€”> 2002 - The lesbian bar Lipstick Lounge opened its doors. Today, it is one of only 20 remaining lesbian bars in the United States.

β€”> 2007 - The Nashville Association of Professional People (NAPP) became the Nashville LGBT Chamber of Commerce and an affiliate member of the National LGBT Chamber of Commerce.

β€”> 2008 - Vanderbilt University opened the K.C. Potter Center to house the school’s Office of LGBTQI Life. The center was named after K.C. Potter, who served Vanderbilt for 36 years and retired as a dean of residential and judicial affairs. Although he never came out as gay during his entire career at Vanderbilt, Potter provided his own home as a safe space for LGBTQ+ students to meet for a support group.

β€”> 2008 - OutCentral Cultural Awareness Center, more commonly known as OutCentral, opened as an LGBTQ+ community center at 1709 Church Street. The organization only lasted 10 years and closed in 2018 due to financial and leadership issues.

β€”> 2009 - The Nashville Pride festival returned to Riverfront Park in downtown Nashville with Deborah Cox headlining, after struggling for a number of years due to financial woes and mismanagement.

2000s

β€”> 2010 - The Nashville Pride festival returned to Riverfront Park in downtown Nashville and made national headlines when headliner, Vanessa Carlton came out on the main stage as bisexual.

β€”> 2014 - Nashville Pride moved to the highly visible location of Public Square Park in the heart of downtown Nashville where the event drew a record number of attendees and vendors to the threshold of city government. This was also the first year the festival added a Friday night concert prior to the Saturday Festival. The annual Equality Walk was also started in 2014 drawing an estimated 2,500 that first year.

β€”> 2015 - During Nashville Pride weekend festivities, the Supreme Court Ruled that states must allow same-sex marriage and the festival reached new levels of attendees and excitement with more than 18,000 LGBT people and allies celebrating the decision together at Public Square Park. The Equality Walk kicked off with the wedding of Al Gregory and Toby Sturgill.

β€”> 2017 - Nashville CARES opens My House Clinic is a diverse drop-in center in Nashville, TN. To support the Middle Tennessee community with their for PEP and PrEP needs.

β€”> 2017 - The Metro Historical Commission approved Nashville’s first marker recognizing an LGBT rights activist, Penny Campbell, who passed away in 2014. Campbell organized the city’s first pride parade in 1988 during the height of the AIDS epidemic. She also acted as the lead plaintiff in the court case that decriminalized homosexual acts in Tennessee.

β€”> 2018 - Nashville's first gay bars β€” The Jungle and Juanita's β€”are remembered with historical marker.

2010s